Cacti and succulents have become synonymous with resistance and beauty in the plant world. Their unique characteristics allow them to survive in extreme conditions where other plants would not thrive.
This text aims to guide enthusiasts and gardeners to properly care for these species, respecting their particular needs and ensuring their healthy development.
To properly care for cacti and succulents, it is essential to understand their natural habitat. Many cacti originate from deserts, while succulents can be found in arid and semi-arid climates. These environments are characterized by periods of little water followed by occasional and intense rains.
Thus, these plants have evolved to retain water in their leaves, stems or roots, allowing them to survive during long periods of drought.
Adequate Lighting
Light is a crucial factor in the care of cacti and succulents. Most of the time, these plants prefer lots of direct sunlight. However, when they are brought indoors or to less intense climates, they can suffer from a lack of light. It is recommended that they receive at least four to six hours of direct sunlight daily. When this is not possible naturally, the use of artificial light may be necessary to supplement it.
Correct Watering
The most common mistake when maintaining cacti and succulents is excessive watering. These plants are sensitive to excess moisture, which can lead to root rot. The rule of thumb is to allow the soil to dry completely between waterings. When watering, do so abundantly, imitating the heavy rains of its natural environment, and then allow the soil to dry. In winter, many of these plants go into a dormant period and need even less water.
Soil Type
The ideal soil for cacti and succulents should be well draining. A suitable substrate for these plants usually contains a mixture of earth, coarse sand and pebbles. Some gardeners prefer to prepare their own mix, adding perlite or pumice to improve aeration and drainage. It is vital that the soil does not retain moisture for too long to prevent root rot.
Fertilizing
Although hardy, cacti and succulents also benefit from additional nutrition, especially during the spring and summer growth phase. The use of a balanced fertilizer, diluted to half the concentration recommended on the packaging, can be applied monthly during these periods. It is important to avoid excessive fertilization, which can be just as harmful as a lack of it.
Pruning and Handling
Most cacti and succulents require little pruning. However, it may be necessary to remove damaged or dead parts. It is important to do this carefully, using gloves and appropriate tools to avoid injuries caused by thorns or plant juice, which can be irritating to the skin.
Transplantation and Propagation
Transplanting is occasionally necessary for cacti and succulents that outgrow their containers or to renew the soil. The best time to transplant is in early spring, before the active growth period begins. Propagation, on the other hand, is an excellent way to multiply your collection. Many succulents can be propagated easily from leaves or cuttings, while cacti can be propagated from seeds or by grafting.
Pest and Disease Monitoring
Despite their resistance, cacti and succulents are not immune to pests and diseases. Cochineals, mites and fungi are the most common problems. Maintaining a clean environment with air circulation can prevent many of these problems. When infested, treatment with appropriate insecticides or fungicides must be applied according to instructions.
Cacti and succulents are fascinating not only for their ability to survive in extreme conditions, but also for the variety of shapes, sizes and colors they come in. Caring for these plants is not just a matter of practicality, but also of appreciation for their unique beauty and the resistance they symbolize. With the essential precautions presented here, even a beginner can enjoy the company of these wonderful expressions of nature.
Caring for cacti and succulents is an activity that teaches patience, attention to nature's cycles and the beauty of adaptation. Each plant has its own personality and needs, and learning to meet them is a rewarding journey. Whether you're just starting out or a seasoned enthusiast, there's always more to discover about these incredible plants. Cultivate them with care and respect, and they will certainly bring a new dimension of joy and satisfaction to your green space.